Kazan Utlary - September 1990

http://www.megaupload.com/?d=S9IIHOIZ
39.08 MB and .pdf'd

This issue is particularly exciting as the inside front cover is Shamiev's 1990 "Declaration of Sovereignty of Tatarstan", Tatarstan's Declaration of Independence.

Tatar Priest and Two Armenians

I know that you've probably heard this one before, but I'm going to tell you anyways. So there's there are these two Armenians and a Tatar Priest and they're standing at the gates of heaven, and....

Illustrated London News 1873
and there is no such thing as a "Tatar Priest". He is referred to as "Mullah".

Sabantuy 2010 - California

My cousin's wife Janine et Moi.

Tatarlarga - "For Tatars"

Sirin Hafizov dropped us a note to fill us in about his Tatar Cultural Webpage.
It's in Cyrillic in Tatar.

There is alot of content concerning music and Tatar Folk Music.
The section on "Tatar Resources" is impressive as is the unique list of "Tatarcha Kotlaular"
Kotlau translates as "Compliment" but can mean "Toast" or "Blessing"

http://tatarlarga.ru/

Gateway to California Tatars

When we're talking about Northern California Tatars, we're talking about Burlingame, California, which is approximately twenty miles south of San Francisco. Broadway is in the neighborhood of the Bina of the ATTA (American Turko Tatar Association).



Eni arriving at the Bina to pick me up after Sabantuy meeting! Rahmet Eni!

Tatbash Radio Online

Radio "Bashkarma"

Radio "Kunel"

Radio "Yuldash" Ufa

Radio "Radio Tatshop"

Radio Duslik

Radio "Yanga Gasr"

Radio "Yuldash" NEW Ufa

Yashler Internet Radio Online

On the tatbash website, this list is in Russian, in Cyrillic.

Ethnic Groups of China

Someone asked me today, "Why all the postings about China?"
The reason is:
Many of the Tatars that live in California migrated through East Asia towards the beginning of the 20th Century. Hailar, Harbin and Kobe are City-names that are familiar to California Tatars.

Hailar - China - Inner Mongolia

I include this last video for the intro drive before the church scene.

More about Hailar

Located in the northern reaches of Inner Mongolia, Hailar is the largest city in the Hulunbuir Prefecture with rolling grasslands stretching for endless miles.

The city had been an oasis of action for wandering herdsmen. Plants used to line both the sides of Hailar River. Perhaps the most interesting feature of the city is the ethnic diversity. There are 25 different resident minority groups in Hailar, including Mongol, Hui and less prevalent groups such as the Manchurians, Koreans, Ewink and Daur peoples.

The outskirts holds the impressive Hulun Lake and the small border town of Manzhouli filled with Russian border traders. To the north of Hailar lies a vast expanse of some of China's most rugged areas, good for camping if allowed access.

HailarClimate

Hailar, located in the remote reaches of northern Inner Mongolia, has a fairly mean climate. Lying at the high latitude that it does, the city and its surrounds becomes very cold in winter, reaching temperatures below -20 degrees C. The region at this time is drab, as the grasslands turn cardboard brown or are covered with an icy snow layer.

If you are here to see the grasslands or visit Manzhouli your best bet is to come between July and September, when the grasses are usually green. It is still worthwhile bringing a coat though, since even in the hottest days of summer, night temperatures drop dramatically.

Dining Overview
There is a surprisingly varied mixture of cuisines in this remote area of Inner Mongolia, along with the standard Mongolian Hotpots and lamb dishes, are others including Russian, western, Chinese, fish and local dishes. Most of the best areas for dining are in the hotels, so it is often worth checking out the area that you are staying in before going on a hunt about town. Most do not have English menus.

Within Hailar, there are a variety of good, inexpensive restaurants along Beixie jie, all of fairly similar standards. Other than this you are best trying eating in the hotels, the Friendship Hotel has a particularly good restaurant. There is also a night market on Qiaotou dajie that has basic snacks and noodles.

The Hulunbuir Prairie is considered by locals as the place to sample the most tender and delicious mutton on earth! The grassland nomads have had thousands of years practice in preparing this food and the result is hundreds of different dishes that are sometimes hard to distinguish. The best way to get a true feel for the grassland cuisine is through a mutton banquet (Zhongyang yan), which will give you the opportunity to try the traditional lamb hotpot (Yangrou huoguo), sauce-stewed lamb (Hongmen yangrou), and the simple, yet often tasty hand-held mutton (Shouba rou). These banquets will need at least four people, and usually come to about RMB100.

The nearby border town of Manzhouli is the place to come for good Russian food (if you have not the time to go to Russia itself). There are a good selection of these restaurants around town, look for the Russian signs and styled architecture. Within the Minzhu Hotel is one of the best of these, probably due to the many Russians that frequent this place. Both the International Hotel and the Friendship Hotel have good Chinese restaurants. The biggest cuisine in town is Mongolian, that can be had on most of the streets here.

Transportation

The area around Hailar, is surprisingly easy to reach for such a remote corner of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, although it is still a long journey from most obvious destinations. Train is almost always your best option, beyond flying. Hailar itself has an airport that makes everything a lot easier.

By plane: Except for Monday, there are daily flights between Beijing and Hailar, that take about two hours. Intra-province air transport is also fairly convenient, although less frequent. It is possible to fly to Hohhot (two and a half hours) and Xilinhot (two hours and twenty minutes).

Hailar Dongshan Airport is just 7km away from the city proper (RMB20 by taxi). The airport bus departs from the CAAC booking office (on Qiantou dajie, near to the Minzu Hotel) for RMB3.

By train: Binzhou Railway line traverses the city, linking it with Beijing, Harbin, Hohhot, Baotou and Manzhouli. Train No.1301 departs Beijing at 9:52 every day and arrives at Hailar about 30 hours later at around 15:27 the following day. Other choices include the weekly train K19 from Beijing to Moscow (departing at 23:10 every Saturday, reaching Hailar at 2:20 the next day), train T439 from Harbin (departing at 19:08 and arriving at 7:15 the next morning) and train K274 from Baotou (leaving at 16:14 and arriving at 13:09 the next day). From Moscow coming the other way, there are also one train a week that stops in Manzhouli and Hailar.

The railway station lies in the northwestern part of town. Advanced tickets can be bought through CITS (0470-8224017, on the second floor of the post office building [Jianfa dasha], Shengli dajie), or in the Friendship Store (Youyi shangdian, beside the Friendship Hotel).

By bus: Bus is not recommended for traveling around, since the city boasts a good railway transport system. There is a long-distance bus station on Chezhan jie, southeast of the railway station, where you may find a buses to Manzhouli (3 hrs.).

City transport: You may find an excess of taxis and motortricyles (RMB5 for most errands) in town. Nevertheless, so long as you are not in a hurry or venturing to the outskirts, you legs should more than suffice.

Hailar - Pearl on the Grassland

http://english.hailar.gov.cn/index.asp

"Hailar, as the birthplace of northern nomads, owns ancient culture of Huns, XianBei, TuJue, Mongolian hero Genghis Khan and other ethnic minorities. The city of Hailar came into being in 1743(Yongzheng 12,Qing Emperor) which has been 270 year from now. Hulunbuir league was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province from 1969 to 1979. In October 2001, Hulunbuir became the city, while Hailar changed into district and it is the only municipal district in Hulunbuir city."

Hailar in Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

of north and northeast China is a province, as its name implies, of residence of Mongolian ethnic group in China. Located in the north-easternmost of the province and bordering with Russian and Mongolia,

Hulun Buir

, in Chinese calls "Hu Lun Bei Er" (呼伦贝尔) was first documented in 209 BC, when the nomadic and barbaric Hun army unified the steppe nations in northern Asia, and Hulun Buir became one of their three imperial lands. In 29 AD, Hsien-pei, an ancient ethnic minority in the Mongolia region, had become civilized from their forest nomad origins and begun closely associated with China's Eastern Han Dynasty, Hsien-pei people were living along the Hailar River and other rivers there. In the Tang Dynasty (618 AD – 907 AD), Hulun Buir had been the eastern border of the Turki nationality, which was once a threat to the Chinese dynasty. Tartar and other northern minorities occupied the territory between ninth and thirteenth centuries AD.

In early thirteenth century, the founder of the ancient Mongolian Empire, Genghis Khan, conferred Hulun Buir land to his younger brothers. When the Ming Dynasty defeated the Mongolian army in 1368, the area was still belonged to Mongolian nation. In the year of 1734 during the Qing Dynasty, Manchu people established Hailar City in Hulun Buir. After setting up of the Puppet Manchu State in 1932, Hulun Buir became a provincial level area called Xing An Province and the "provincial capital" was Hailar. At the end of the Anti-Japanese War (1937 – 1945), autonomous authority governed Hulun Buir and the area became a self-rule province in northeast China. In 2001, Hulun Buir has become a city approved by the Chinese State Council and Hailar city's status abolished and thus it became a district.

Today, most people in Hulun Buir are Han Chinese, which takes up about 82 percent of population of 2.71 million (in 2004). In addition to the Mongolian ethnic group, there are about 30 minorities living there, including Russians and Koreans. The Han Chinese people are mostly from northern and northeastern China and maintained their customs from their places of origin. However, in the western part of Hulun Buir, Chinese people are influenced by local ethnic minorities' living habits. Congee, noodles, Mantou bread and rice are Chinese style staple foods in the eastern area, but beef, mutton and Mongolian style milk tea are eaten in the west. There are lots of special restaurant in downtown Hulun Buir. Ethnic festivals will be held during the short summer season, so, if you don't like snow, you'll perhaps very enjoy the cheerful atmosphere in warm weather.

The Daxing'anling Range (大兴安岭) is stretching over Hulun Buir from the north down to the south. The land elevation is higher compared to the east. The climate in the western section is relatively dry with less precipitation and of course slightly colder than in the east, where belongs to cool monsoon climate, annual rainfall is 500 to 800 millimeters. Great temperature difference between day and night as well as summer and winter.

The steppe in Hulun Buir is one of the best grasslands in the world. Manzhouli City, on the border with Russian Federation, is a famous place for doing business and commodity transactions between China, Mongolia and Russia. The Mongolian yurts are circular, domed, portable tents, which are for their traditional custom of living. The northern forest area is excellent for photographers, it will be very beautiful when in fall. Of course, it is to be exciting skiing season in long winter. Shopping, Mongolian woodcarvings and Russian style handicrafts are widely available in town. You Yi Da Sha (Friendly Building) is a big shopping mall in the center of Hulun Buir.

Hailar District is the resident of Hulun Buir municipal government. It is located in southwest of Hulun Buir City. Hailer is being surrounded by mountains at its three sides and there are two rivers flowing through. Being regarded as the Pearl of the Steppe, bordering with Mongolia and Russia, the district is an economically developed area. The trans-Siberian Beijing to Moscow passenger train has a stop here. Air traffic to Beijing, Hohhot and several Russian cities is convenient too. Hailar, got its name from the Hailar River in the north of the district. Hailar means "wild leeks" in Mongolian language, because on the both banks of the Hailar River had been full of leeks.

http://www.absolutechinatours.com/china-travel/Hulun-Buir/Hulun-Buir.html

Kazan - Lebazhie Lake

Volga - Idel - Bridge at Kazan

Kazan Aerial Panorama

More on Tatar - Russo China

This above map shows Hailar in Inner Mongolia, and Chita in Siberia.

"The Russian Minorities were late arrivals in China and only began moving to China from Tsarist Russia after the construction of the China Far East Railway in 1897 AD. Later in Time more followed, entering various parts of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and HeilongJiang through and after the 19th century. With the Russian October Revolution of 1917 AD and the ongoing Civil War in the homeland immigration of Russians increased. In the years after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 AD, migration of Russians was reversed. Due to political frictions between the two Communist Nations at the Time and even Threat of War, Russian Ethnic Minorities were unwanted and many were repatriated to the Soviet Union. Another group of Russians, if able, emigrated from China through to Australia only. (not true actually)
Currently only a small portion of the original Russian Immigrants remained behind in China.


Traditionally Russians were either City dwellers engaged in trade, handicrafts or transportation or peasants living in the countryside. The latter group with its caracteristics can still be found today among Russian Ethnic Minorities in China.
Villages are small, composed of around 12 households engaged in farming, pasturing and gardening. Animals are kept on the side."

____________________

"The European Culture aspects of the Tatars are reflected in their music and the Furniture in their Housing. Traditional Tatar houses also have their own distinct architecture with separate houses and fire-places inside for cooking and heating. The Tatars usually still prefer spoons over chopsticks for eating purposes.
Tatar music and dance is very popular in Xinjiang today. Every wedding or festival regardless of ethnic group features Tatar Dance and Song. The Muslim festivals of the Tatars are similar to the other Muslim Groups in the Area. A special place is held for the plowshare festival, which usually is held in June. The plowshare festival is a celebration of Nationality for the Tatars and all come out in traditional tatar wear and engage in horse-tugging, horse racing or manly wrestling matches. The plowshare festival is the highpoint of the Tatar cultural year."

http://www.chinareport.com/ChinaReport/Sources/Art_Arts_Culture/Ethnic_Minorities_in_China/Ethnic_Minorities_of_European_Descent.html

Tatars in Shanghai and elsewhere in China

TURKO-TATAR COLONY IN CHINA

TURKO-TATAR COLONY IN CHINA

Larissa Chernikov

On the pages “Shanghai dawn”

During the scientific practice period in C.P.R. (Chinese Peoples' Republic) (g. Shanghai) to me it had luck to find materials and periodicals of Russian emigrants, who fell into this huge Chinese city after Civil War.

Russian white emigration - unique phenomenon not only in the domestic, but also in the world history. In 20-30- e years it was the serious political force, which has influential authority in the anti-Bolshevik camp of Russian [zarubezhya].

The history of the origin of [tyurko]- Moslem community in Shanghai (descendants from the former Russian Empire) is interesting and dramatic. Basic contingent of people, which fell on the Chinese Far East after the events of 1917-1920, the educated national intelligentsia, servicemen, cossacks, the well-off layers of Bashkir- Tatar society, clergy. Specifically, this part of active participants in the revolutionary events and the Civil War temporarily proved to be on “the backyards” of emigration, if we examine its geographical arrangement.

The terms of the Turko-Tatar community, which existed in Shanghai from the middle 1920- X prior to the middle 1940- X of years, arrive in China by different ways. One part is past the way of [kolchakovskoy] army, Siberia and at the end 1922 together with the remainders of white guard divisions forced was to emigrate from Vladivostok to Korea, Japan and China. Another part proved to be in the Chinese republic after the crushing defeat of [basmacheskogo] motion in Turkestan, [pereydya] boundary in the region of Chinese Xinjiang- uigur autonomous region. Late these separate formings and refugees one by one reached the regions of Harbin, tientsin, Shanghai, where they could be combined into the nation- religious communities.

Then they according to tradition called them [tyurko]- Tatars, and this name, until now, is used in the foreign Anglo-American historiography. Among the [tyurko]- Tatars there were the descendants from the Volga Region, Urals, Orenburg, Kazan', Ufa provinces - Bashkirs, Tatars, [mishari], other Moslem national character.

At the end 1922 g. the remainders of [kolchakovskikh] armies and seaside parts of the white army (among which were located the parts of the Tatar- Bashkir the troops), after shipping to 30 warships more than 9 thousand people of citizen and servicemen, they swam off from Vladivostok in search of the best portion. After several stoppages in the intermediate ports the part of the ships reached Shanghai.

However, Shanghai accepted the unexpected newcomers very inhospitable. To the head to authorities fell down the heap of people; moreover ships were in full combat readiness and in the holds it was full weapon and ammunition. The authorities of Shanghai refused to commanding of flotilla General [Glebov] in the right to the debarkation not only of military contingent, but also peaceful, citizen. To ships it was specified leave Shanghai port 24 hours.

But the tormented, despairing themselves refugees could not move further. Russian ships with the refugees (among which there were many women and children) stood on the Shanghai raid 3 years; people lived aboard the ships, experiencing deprivations and diseases. Died in this time the several people, without having maintained the terrifying conditions of ship life.

No one in Shanghai intended to contain these people - and aboard the ships gradually concluded with fuel-, foodstuffs and drinking water. Only because of courage and resoluteness of General [F]. [L]. [Glebov], who knew how to secretly sell weapon and several ships, refugees could obtain entire necessary. Furthermore, the charitable institutions of international Shanghai also rendered assistance. Subsequently Russian emigrants by small parties could (and legally, and illegal) leave ships and settle in the city.

At that time China was semi-colony. Shanghai was, for example, divided on 3 parts - being been self-governing Chinese city, international settlement and to the French concession. All three parts were governed by their own municipal authorities, therefore, if arose the questions of townspeople nature, the authority of all three parts of the city they sat down themselves for the negotiating table. Major portion of the refugees from Russia vein in the territory of French concession (part of Shanghai, which is been located under the rule of the French colonial troops), but there were those, who was forced in view of their disastrous material position to settle in the Chinese city.

Large mosque was located in the outskirts of Chinese city, descendants from the Moslem countries there compact settled. Refugees on the labor market could not compete with the Chinese. Chinese could work for the basin of rice, for several coppers. Emigrants, for the most part people of those formed and those many that are seen, this payment labor did not arrange. They proved to be uncalled-for. They could not be occupied by hard physical labor, and their knowledge and experience was necessary no one. Hope for charitable institutions, to the aid of foreign companies, to the chance remained to obtain work in rich Chinese. Russian refugees obtained more than Chinese, but it is less than foreigners with the same qualification.

Sick, lonely old men wandered along the streets of Shanghai in search of the subsistence. Sometimes in the newspapers these communications appeared:

“It left and did not return. On March 3 left from his apartment to [Veysayd] of Lee 375- The member of the community of the [Tyurko]- Tatars of Shanghai [Abdullyans] Of [yavgildin], which did not return, until now. The searches, undertaken by community, proved to be [bezrezultativnymi]. The community of [Tyurko]- Tatars is turned to those, who have any information about [A]. [Yavgildin]'s fate, to report into the office of the administration of community on Ruth Walloon, 517, or to the treasurer of administration [M]. [Khaliullin], by Ruth Walloon, 516. [A]. [Yavgildin] already old man, to it 60 years”.

Moslem colony in Shanghai, or as it called Moslems themselves “Nation- spiritual community of the [Tyurko]- Tatars of Shanghai city” was formed in 1923. Specifically, in this year took place the first general meeting, at which were present about 15-20 people. At this meeting by the first chairman of the administration of community was unanimously selected [I]. [Sh]. [Akberdin]. He remained the leader of community up to his departure in the USA in 1931.

Community rendered aid the indigent [tyurko]- Tatars arrived in Shanghai, and also all facts, who fell into the state of end need. It bustled about the delivery to these people of passports, it arranged them to the service, supplied with coupons to the free dinners, arranged to the apartments, for which itself paid. Since the members of Moslem community were people [malosostoyatelnymi], then initial membership payment was established in all in the size of 25 cents per month.

After being based and after being strengthened, refugees from Russia began to publish their newspapers. Newspaper “Shanghai Zarya” wrote: “Our small newspaper islet we created from the grains of the glorious past, lit up by the flame, with great care carried through the infinite steppes of Volga Region, the terrible mountain ridges of the Urals, through the immense tundras of cold Siberia and the wild knolls of Transbaykal. And it is dear to us therefore as our suffering as the handful of the native earth for the neglected into the distant countries pilgrim. To us it was not easy to work here! :., stunned by crash Civil Wars strange, without the money and by the clank of cast iron wheels on the infinite as eternity, rails of great way, we burn into this strange at first for us and mysterious edge, in which everything was new, it is incomprehensible and it is uncommon… No one thought at first that this wonderful edge will become our second native land, that for us it is necessary here to live and to work the entire decade…”.

Not it is past and several years, as the Russian enterprises (so were called enterprises, based by descendants from the former Russian Empire independent of of nationality) they appeared on the French concession of Shanghai. Toward the end 1920- X of years on the avenue Joffre (where in essence settled Russians) and on the adjacent with it streets there were the continuously Russian bakeries, the stores, barbershop, restaurants… Were there and the stores of fashionable clothing, the most known - “smoked sturgeon Grigoryev”, libraries, schools. In the Chinese conservatory in majority their Russian (read - Russian) musicians and instructors worked. In a word, the life of Russian-language colony somehow was fixed. Enterprising people flourished; it was badly the fact, who was lost and could not find itself in this alien life…

The little by little Turko-Tatar community of beginning grow, and at the same time grew the demands of people. In the course of time was opened the school, in which the children could study native language and bases of the Moslem of religion. All the remaining objects the children of Moslems as the children of other Russian emigrants, passed to foreign schools.

When Moslem young people began to arrive from Manchuria, Vladivostok and other places, cultural-educational circle was created with the community and library was acquired. In the newspaper “Shanghai Zarya” there was placed following declaration:

“MOURNING SESSION.

During the day of the 22-[oy] anniversary of the untimely decease of national Turko-Tatar poet [G]. [Tukaya], on April 19, in the placement of Ukrainian huge thing in 7 h. of meetings. The session, at which will be read the autobiography [G]. [Tukaya], is arranged by the literary and artistic circle of [Tyurko]- Tatars, his life and the students of Turko-Tatar courses count its works.

The debt of all [tyurko]- Tatars to honor the memory of national poet, since many in the time of emigration forgot not only the works of its poets and writers, but also about the more crucial points of their life.

Literary and artistic circle requests all, who value their national heroes, to memorize the 19-[oe] number”.

Circle arranged also “the cup of tea”. So in Shanghai in the emigrant medium were called the charitable concert- balls, organized in favor of students or invalids. Here is the typical declaration of that time:

“The cup of tea in Tatars. The cultural-educational circle of the Turko-Tatar colony of Shanghai together with the parental committee of Tatar school, arranges the cup of tea on Saturday December 28 in the placement of Ukrainian charitable committee in 8 h. of evening. This evening promises to be interesting, since are prepared the diverse appearances, which will be completed by students. Invite all Tatars of Shanghai”.

In April 1935 colony conducted mourning sessions and reports, dedicated to the anniversary of Turkish- Tatar poet [Gabdully]'s death [Tukaya], and also to the memory Of [yusufa] Of [akchury], [Mazhita] Of [gafuri], Azerbaijan enlightener of Galya [Mardan] [Tubchibasha]. In the Russian-language Shanghai newspapers “word” and “Shanghai Zarya” from time to time appear the articles and notes about the life of Turko-Tatar colony. For example, note about Galya [Mardane] [Tubchibashe] wrote certain [Kadir]. In all probability, this is well-known among the Turkish- Tatar diaspore orientalist, enlightener teacher [Zakir] [Kadyri], that lived and worked in Harbin and Shanghai.

In 1935 community counted about 120 people. If one takes into account, that could be the members of community only men, then taking into account families (on the average each family - 4 people) it is possible to assert that the total number of Tatar- Bashkir colony in Shanghai composed 400-450 people. In all Russian (Russian) colony in Shanghai in the different years counted from 20 to 50 thousand people. This spread explains by the fact that Shanghai, in the essence, became the terminal for the refugees of the Russian origin, which moved into Shanghai, in order to leave to search for happinesses into the distant countries…

In 1935. in “by Shanghai Zarya” in the note the life of Tatar- Bashkir community was discussed:

“Our colony, although small it is numerical, then strong. As to one of the facts of the work of community it is possible to indicate that they buried the previously died kinsmen on the different cemeteries, together with [inakoveruyushchimi], but after energetic troubles for community it was possible to agree with the Hindu Moslems and to obtain the possibility to bury the members of colony on the Mohammedan cemetery on the avenue Joffre”.

And one additional communication:

“[Kh]. [Valiakhmetov]'s death. On the night on March 7 in the municipal insulating hospital it passed away after the prolonged disease Of [khaydar] Of [valiakhmetov]. Deceased was Veteran of the Civil War, completed great Siberian march, and in the emigration already it consisted of the numbers Of the [shandunskaya] army. [Kh]. [Valiakhmetov] - native Of the [samarskaya] province Of [bugulminskogo] district. The local community of the [tyurko]- Tatars of China cared about the burials of deceased, after burying its on March 8 to its means. On the burials were present the secretary of the administration of community [R]. [Kh]. Fatkullin, the members of administration [M]. [Khaliullin] and other members of community and the friends of deceased”.

“We by all forces fight, stated editorial staff “by Zarya's Shanghai” the member of Turko-Tatar community, so that no one of our colony would fall into the misfortune, and it would not begin to beg. In this respect we take all possible measures, which, as the inhabitants of city see, are completely radical, since not one poor Tatar on the streets of Shanghai cannot be found. However, with the rendering the least aid our Tatars try to be selected again to the correct way. As to an example one lame Tatar, who appeared at us so that we would render any assistance it, since it strongly requires. We proposed to it to begin trade in newspapers, since this to him as legless, it is more accessible. They gave two dollars to it, and it left, and in two months it returned to community two dollars and still made small donation, after saying that it now began to earn to itself to the life and it is completely sufficient to it. This Tatar, who trades in newspapers on the avenue Joffre, Shanghai knows entire. Many at its place you saw through money and they would begin again to request.

To other indigent Tatars, who desire to deal on the villages peddle, we give guarantees and obtain goods on credit. The linguistic abilities of the members of our colony and preventive- polite relation to the peasant- buyers [for Chinese - l. h.] it creates in them permanent clientele and gives the possibility to exist”.

The literary and artistic circle of [tyurko]- Tatars, created in 1930, played large role in the rallying of community. The reports usually read out themselves at the sessions of circle and were conducted the discussions, and also the evenings, dedicated to the outstanding representatives of national intelligentsia - to poets, to writers, scientists. On the pages “of the Shanghai of Zarya” fairly often are placed the notes of this content:

“The evening Of [yusufa] Of [akchura]. Tomorrow in the accomodation of Ukrainian huge thing, 450 To [taku] kind, by the literary and artistic circle of [tyurko]- Tatars is arranged the commemoration meeting Of [yusufa] Of [akchura].

The terms of circle hope that the Turko-Tatar colony will consider as its responsibility to visit this evening in order to return the tribute of the respect for the memory of deceased”.

The leader (chairman) of circle [K]. [Akhmedi] carried out diverse social activities, acquainting the members of community with the history of the life of [tyurko]- Tatars, Azerbaijanians and Caucasians in the last 50 years. Peru To [k]. [Akhmedi] belonged several plays, narratives, he frequently wrote in the newspapers about the workers of Turko-Tatar culture. For example, with the preparation of the commemoration meeting Of [yusufa] Of [akchura] it places the small note in the Russian-language Shanghai newspaper:

“[YUSUF] [AKCHURA].

Last information from Europe brought sad for the [tyurko]- Tatars news about death Of [yusufa] Of [akchura], which followed on April 11 of this year in Istanbul.

Men the thoroughly educated, highly-cultured public figure, [Yusuf] Of [akchura] were during many decades the connecting link between the southern and northeastern Turko-Tatar peoples.

Being the native Of the [simbirskoy] of lips., has long ago it emigrated to Turkey and to the last moment of veins there, occupying the department of philology at the Istanbul university. At one time he was also professor on turkology in [Sorbonne].

In Istanbul for many years he was the publisher of the journal “Turk -[Yurdy]”, who in tens of thousands of copies was extended throughout the entire territory, occupied by Turkish peoples.

Deceased was the furious defender of the rights of Turkish peoples and was in the final analysis convinced of the confluence of them together.

Death of important national champion, entire their life of that dedicated to the complete association of all Turko-Tatar national character are undoubtedly very perceptible loss for the [tyurko]- Tatars. K. [AKHMEDI]”.

Yearly literary and artistic circle conducted 13-15 sessions (approximately 1-2 per month), reporting before the terms of community at the annual current meeting. With the circle acted the theatrical- artistic section, whose members achieved theatrical productions, they wrote plays, fulfilled choral works.

Heavy life in the emigration, far from the customary abutments and the national traditions forced to be turned to its roots, to the nation- religious holidays. Thus, for instance: “On March 16 [tyurko]- Tatars celebrated their national religious holiday “Of [gaid]-[Kurban]”, reported “Shanghai Zarya”. - Cultural-educational society, after using presence in Shanghai… [known Tatar - l. h.] of artists… arranged… play with the singing and the dances. The unconstrained atmosphere made possible to gaily conduct the evening on Wednesday of compatriot- Tatars”.

In March 1935 in the honor of the most active and most talented participants (artists) in the literary and artistic circle Of [klyauli] and [Arslanbeka] [so in the Russian editorial staff “of the Shanghai of Zarya” - l. h.], which drive off into another region, was arranged the farewell embankment- ball of Turko-Tatar community. “Shanghai Zarya” reported about this: “… The driving off artists and the members of society “the [Idel]- Urals” [Klyauli] and [Arslanbek]… in 2 years of a stay in Shanghai always worked on the benefit of society. In spite of moderate-means material position, they found time to lead mansions, scene, to write plays, to conduct their setting itself in them to participate… In the sign of the gratitude of the cultural-educational society of the [tyurko]- Tatars g. of Shanghai silver medals with the inscription were presented driving off. Those driving off, touched by numerous greeting- wishes, certified their compatriots, that they will continue the cultural matter, wherever they not were located…

Embankment was opened by the salutatory word of the chairman of society [Sh]. [Akhmadi], whom the merits of those driving off and expressed regret that such necessary for the society people leave them, but at the same time it is glad, that they will go into the more numerous Tatar colony, where more than benefit will bring… More than 40 people were present on the embankment. During the embankment were given exceptionally national Tatar dishes…”.

the Tatar- Bashkir colony g. of Shanghai consisted of people of different social groups, by the will of the historical circumstances of political events of first quarter OF [KHKH] of century pulled out from the customary circle of their life and [vvergnutykh] into the whirlpool. The educated Turko-Tatar intelligentsia played the most active role in the community: the political figures of national liberation motion, teacher, doctors, clergy… Big enough role played servicemen - participants in the first world and Civil Wars. At first they had an application in the armies of Chinese militarists, who quarrelled between themselves (actually in China that time it went Civil War). Subsequently these people served as bodyguards ([bodigardami]) in rich Chinese and as guards ([vochmanami]) of Chinese and foreign companies, and they also became the employees of Shanghai [volonterskogo] municipal housing.

Under the difficult conditions for emigration the people enterprising, initiative-taking, which carry out trade and enterprise rapidly found themselves. There were among the [tyurko]- Tatars doctors, who conquered the popularity of entire Russian colony. However, the indigent layer of refugees, deprived of any means, composed the large part of the community. Specifically, these people became the initiators of the creation of the Turko-Tatar community, planned as the community of aid.

In the course of time in the community appeared audition comission, treasurer, different sections, including religious- spiritual, playing in the life of Moslems significant role.

In July 1934. the re-elections of administration took place at the annual general meeting of the nation- spiritual community of [tyurko]- Tatars. By the chairman of community was unanimously selected [S]. [Dyuzeev], that fulfill the post of mullah - [A]. [Zamaletdinov]. The meeting of Turko-Tatar colony took place in the accomodation of Cossack house under [A]. [Ilyasov]'s chairmanship.

The community of [tyurko]- Tatars was not locked on the problems of local scale. Sharply disturbed his questions of [obshchemusulmanskogo] association in the Far East. The notes, which narrate about the complex life in the emigrant house, sometimes were published on the pages of Russian-language publications. We give completely one of the publications, which tells about the discords in the Moslem colony of Harbin:

“The discords, which were begun in the Moslem colony with the arrival Of [ayaz] Of [iskhaki], drew the attention of the highest leaders of the police. The chairmen of administrations of both groups were yesterday caused to the special division, where by them in the form order it was proposed to end strifes and to select new administration.

Order caused protest from the side of the adherents Of [iskhaki]. In the form the measures for the action of authority issued order to seal up the office of community, that also was executed. Then [idel]- Uralians sent telegram- complaint into the Turko-Tatar congress into mukden. Between the groups began the strifes, also, owing to the divine services on occasion of large Tatar holiday.

After long negotiations it was possible to resolve as follows a question:

- Must serve as the first that mullah, for whom will be given more than voices during the voting before the divine service. Was simultaneously returned order send in the morning to the mosque detail for observing of order and calmness.

The adherent of [idel]- Uralians, after seeing, which the supporters of his group is less, forewent the voting and gave to the section statement about permission by the first to serve it.

Meanwhile mullah [Murzenko] and the supporters of old order approached the praying. [Idel]- Uralians raised noise and cry, did not release into the mosque of their enemies and even they attempted to take out those being praying of the mosque. The police again interfered and the supporters of old administration after divine service quietly were radiated on the houses. to [Idel]- Uralians anything remained to make as to repeat the divine service, which was for them served by mullah [Khazbiullin].

After the end of divine service the representatives of administration were again caused to the department of the police. There they repeated the order of authorities about the election of new administration and it is indicated, that to its election the office of community will be sealed up”.

A question of the unity of Moslem [zemlyachestv] of the Far East disturbed public opinion extremely sharply. Russian-language publications “Shanghai Zarya”, “word”, “Zarya” frequently they write about the strifes in the Turko-Tatar communities. Here are only names some articles, dedicated to this problem: “Moslems all war in Harbin”, “division in the Turko-Tatar emigration in Japan”, “the members of Harbin Moslem community complain about their mullah” and so forth

The presence of the territorial- state borders between China, Japan and Korea “Russian Tatar emigrants” (as they were called in the emigrant medium) they were not taken into consideration. Emigrants lived “abroad” in the united Far-Eastern medium, receiving all events in the Turko-Tatar communities on the basis of the fact that this general Etna- religious space. We give the survey of events from “the Shanghai of Zarya”, completely preserving the transcription of the authors:

“Division in the Turko-Tatar emigration in Japan. From its own correspondent “of the Shanghai Zarya”.

Up to last year Turko-Tatar emigration in Japan did not leave from the framework of its religious association and did not manifest in the mass of special political tendencies, entrusting to its spiritual heads, some of which they began political work both in the plane of [obshchemusulmanskogo] motion and preaching the independence of Moslems, who live in Russia. Now position sharply changed. Colony was divided into two camps.

Tokyo Moslem community heads mullah [Kurbangaliev], who fights for the independence of Bashkirya and who cooperates in his aspirations with the Siberian separative group Of [porotikova]-[Golovacheva].

Tokyo community has its mosque, school, its head has its own house. [Kobskaya] Moslem community is headed by mullah [Shamgulov], where also there is a school. In Nagoya a comparatively small Moslem community.

Among the members of Moslem communities are many, although not sympathizing to Bolsheviks, selected Soviet [pasporty].

To two camps.

The Japanese telegraphic agency “Of [nichiro]-[Tsusin]” in the bulletin dated April 10 apropos of the division of Turko-Tatar emigration in Japan reports the following:

“The Tatar emigration, which based itself in Japan, counts in its numbers of approximately 600 people. (Number exaggerated. On [sved]. min. internal. the affairs of the [tyurko]- Tatars of Japan it is counted a little more than 300 men). In the number of [tyurko]- Tatars in Japan are the former officers the soldiers of Russian army - participants in the great and Civil Wars.

Now Turko-Tatar colony in Japan was divided into two hostile camps: one group, which was remained in the minority, is headed by mullah [Kurban]-[Galiev], and the second, recently organized and comprised of the members of Moslem societies, in the majority which passed to the side of that arrived from Berlin to Japan in the past year the representative of the Russian Moslems of Tatar pamphleteer [Ayaz] Of [iskhaki].

The reasons for division among the Moslems, who live in Japan, lie, apparently, in the fact that Chapter One of the groups indicated mullah [Kurban]-[Galiev] set as his goal the association of Moslem- emigrants exclusively on the religious soil, coordinating its actions with some Russian white emigrants, whereas that headed the second group poses before Moslem- emigrants wider problems, besides religious, purely national, preaching the independence of [tyurko]- Tatars, the natives of locality the Volga - Urals.

For the purpose of the association of [tyurko]- Tatars - the natives of locality the Volga - Urals (“the [Idel]- Urals”) and the creation of cultural-educational society in Tokyo, on February 11 in one of the accomodations of club “[Idzumibasi] To [kurabu]” in [Kaida] region in Tokyo there was convoked general meeting of Moslems, who live in the capital of Japan.

To this meeting, in spite of the expectations of organizers, appeared mullah [Kurban]-[Galiev] in the chapter of several members of Tokyo Moslem colony and in the tracking regiment. [Porotikova] and other several Russian emigrants, who refer no to the affairs of Moslems.

The arrival of mullah [Kurban]-[Galiev] and Russians caused protest among the gathering Moslems, who required from [Porotikova] and other Russians of the leaving of meeting, that it was not completed, however. The yr. Of [porotikov] and [Kurban]-[Galiev] by their speeches tore away the meeting, dissolved by police authorities and which was ended by unprecedented scandal.

On February 26 in the accomodation of restaurant “[Matsumoto]- rho” in the [Khibiya]- park took place the second meeting of Moslems, at which the regulations of the cultural society of the [tyurko]- Tatars of the [Idel]- Urals were discussed and accepted, administration and audition comission were selected.

At present newly organized society develops its activity in the contact with those joined the head of new society to Mr. [Ayaz] Of [iskhaki] by the Moslem colonies of Kobe, Nagoya, that sent its delegates in Tokyo from other cities of Japan, Korea and [Manchzhu]-Di- GO. From the Moslems, who live in Tokyo, into the composition of new society it entered about half of the full members of Moslem community in Tokyo, who left the latter.

[Ayaz] Of [iskhaki] some of its supporters, who suffered with the scandal at the meeting on February 11, assign on the responsibility of some persons, including Of [porotikova], and they instituted against them judicial proceeding through attorney Nakamura. At the present moment the attorney examines excited [Ayaz] Of [iskhaki] the matter about the insult by words and by actions, on the order of attorney the capital police produces consequence and it invited on April 30 in the chief police administration of mullah [Kurban]-[Galiev] for the dacha of indications.

Giving communication “[Nichiro]-[Tsusin]” it is possible only to regret about the occured division in the Russian Moslem colony in Japan. Is difficult anything to object against its religious and in a cultured way- national association.

However, should be especially noted the separative and anti-Russian tendencies being appeared in the Moslem colony of Japan, which in the future can lead to the unpleasant consequences and the aggravation of the relations between the radical Russian population and the [tyurko]- Tatars of Russia, whom in the mass, probably, they do not have tendencies, preached [Ayaz] Of [iskhaki], that spend time and energy on the utopian aspirations, instead of using of these efforts in the fight with the general enemy of all nationalities of Russia - Communist dictatorship.

Russian Moslems should not be forgotten that their not 30 million, as it asserts [A]. [Iskhakya], but altogether only about 14 million (8,7%), besides from this number very insignificant quantity lives in the region the Volga- Urals, besides not being been outlying, but locked intra-Russian. G. [ORGINSKIY]. Tokyo, on April 15, 1934”.

Ideological differences in the [tyurko]- emigrant medium - object of separate study. As is known, the roots of these differences arose even in the period of the creation of Tatar- Bashkir republic (1917-1920 yr.), in the motion “[Idel]- Urals”, in the contradictions between the leaders of national liberation motion (A. - Z. [Validi], [G]. [Iskhakya], [S]. [Maksudi] et al).

The well-known researcher of life and creation A. - Z. [Validi] [A]. [Yuldashbaev] writes: “… in Europe it was revealed that the old differences with some Tatar workers not only do not shade in the emigration, but acquire the new, at times unexpected forms”. The situation occurred not less dramatically in the Far East. Let us say only that the attempts to find a compromise on the emigrant congresses and the congresses did not always bring result. But a compromise between the scientist- theorists of national motion was not at all achieved. “[Z]. [Validi]'s controversy [Togana] with Sadri Of [maksudi] and [Gayazom] [Iskhaki] on a Tatar- Bashkir question, writes historian [A]. [Yuldashbaev], it continued to the end of their life and remained as the inheritance to our generation. Entire question consists in this controversy, remaining the explanation of the relations of very close peoples, being rested on the ideas of the thinkers of this scale as [Z]. [Validi] [Togan] and Sadri [Maksudi], and it damaged not on one people of Russia”.

What other well-known participants in the national motion of the Turko-Tatar emigration of the Far East - in the periodicals are mentioned [Tarukhan] Of [rasulov] and It [rashit] [Ibragimov] (members of Turko-Tatar community in Tokyo). However, the surnames of other (series) members of Tatar- Bashkir colony in Shanghai and Harbin are encountered rarely, or in connection with some events. For example, in the division “of incident” there was the information of this kind:

“That new in Harbin (from the last mail). On March 22 in 8 h. of the morning at the angle of streets… under the rushed at a high speed truck… fell trader [A]. [A]. [Agafurov], 64 years. Automobile strongly pushed [Agafurova] and that, falling on the stones of bridge, was obtained the enormous torn wound of head. After rendering to first aid by the feldsher of urban [ambulansa], the victim is delivered into the German- Russian hospital.

[Agafurov] in the past - one of the richest people in the Urals. The state Of [agafurovykh] was calculated in tens of millions of rubles. Doctors recognized its wound of serious, but for the life dangerous”.

After the beginning of the Japanese aggression in China (1937 g.) many Harbin [tyurko]- Tatars cross to Shanghai. The fact is that the authorities of marionette state [Manchzhu]-Di- GO planned the mobilization of emigrant young people into the army for dealing with the USSR. Tatar- Bashkir colony from Harbin one by one began to migrate to Shanghai, where it was possible to design for the support of tribesmen and the aid of international English-French society. However, the Japanese did not intend to reject their plans. Turko-Tatar community seriously thought about its future. Young people attempted to obtain reliable legal protection. More no one wanted to be emigrant, because each could say: “You - no one!” People wanted to become the citizens of any state and to obtain all civil liberties, which the usual inhabitants of each country had. Many fought for the passage into Turkey, the Arab countries, the USA… At the beginning World War II the large part of the Turko-Tatar community left Shanghai.

The history of Shanghai Turko-Tatar colony still requires its search examination. To many questions it is not thus far obtained answer… The final division of political emigration occurred during the Second World War. The part of the emigrants remained on the irreconcilable positions with respect to the USSR, another part decisively was dissociated from them, experiencing pain, compassion and feeling of guilt before the native land. Encouraged by the successes of the Soviet Army, by victory in the great war, this part of the emigrants stated about the desire to return home. Them they began to call [vozvrashchentsami]. The large part of [vozvrashchentsev] they waited repression, camp and reference.

Even those, who [kolebalsya] in their political selection, understood: war became the boundary, which determines their future. “Then of Shanghai many did not want to leave, recall emigrants from the USA. - But in China began Civil War, and after the taking of Nanking by the Chinese Communist troops it became clear: it is necessary to leave, there is no other output. Many, who was forced to leave for the distant countries, did not agree to recognize the authority of communist party, indeed they were brought up in the spirit of anticommunism. To risk (i.e. to remain) no one wanted”.

Of Turko-Tatar colony in Shanghai arrived end. In 1945-1947 yr. still several hundred Russian emigrants remained in Shanghai; however, these people no longer played any role in “red” China.

© “[BELSKIE] SPACES”, 2003

this is babelfished from http://www.tatar-history.narod.ru/turk_tatar_v_kitay.htm

___________________________________

The Chinese Tatars (塔塔尔族 Tǎtǎěrzú) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.

Their ancestors are Volga Tatar tradesmen who settled mostly in Xinjiang.

The number of Chinese Tatars is close to 5000 as of 2000, and they live mainly in the cities of Aletai, Changji, Yili, Urumchi, Tacheng and other places in Xinjiang.

Chinese Tatars speak an archaic variant of the Tatar language, free from 20th-century loanwords and use Arabic variant of the Tatar alphabet, declined in USSR in 1930s.

from Wikipedia

__________________________________________________

Tatar Nationality

The Tatar ethnic group in China has a population of 4,890, most of whom live in the towns of Yining, Tacheng, and Urumqi in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

The Tatars, historically named the "Dadan", are descended from a branch of a Mongolian tribe, who used to inhabit the region near the Volga River. From the beginning of the 20th century, the Tatars gradually settled in Xinjiang. Most of them were occupied as merchants.

The Tatar nationality has its own language, which belongs to Turkic branch of the Altaic language family. However, as a result of frequent contact with the Uygur and Kazak people, the Tatars also use Kazak or Uygur language. The Tatars' written language is based on Arabic letters, but now they often also use Kazak and Uygur characters.

Most of the Tatar people are adherents of Islam. Tatar cuisine includes scones, zhuafan, pastries, beef and mutton dishes, as well as various vegetables. Meats from pigs, donkeys, or mules are forbidden in their diet. Tatar drinks include the beer-like "keerxima", which is made from fermented honey, and 'Kesaile", a wine brewed from wild grapes.

Tatar men usually wear embroidered white shirts, under a black waistcoat or black robe, with a black or black and white embroidered hat. Young people like to wear peaked caps, and long leather shoes. Women wear white, yellow, or amaranth pleated one-piece skirts as well as small hats, with a short 'veil' covering the back of the head and neck.

Tatar people have strong sense of musical rhythm. Their music is full of grassland sentiment, and is accompanied by accordion, mandolin, and violin, etc. Tatars celebrate their "Saban Festival" (plowshare festival) each year after they finished their spring ploughing. Tatar people also celebrate Corban Festival, Almsgiving Festival and Kaizhai Festival in line with other Islamic believers. Their favorite sports include wrestling, horse racing, and tug of war.

http://www.chinatour360.com/culture/ethnicgroups/tatar.htm

Tatar Man of Kazan - 1796 - With Beehive

Chuvash Women 1935

There are Chuvash peoples in Tatarstan, one of many minority ethnic groups.

It doesn't look practical, but it sure would be fun to go out dancing with braids of coins dangling from your head!

Chuvash.org

Kazan Tatar Man - 1920's

Tatar Dolls

Someone is selling these on E-Bay. They're about forty bucks.

Kazan Utlary - July 1990

.pdf and 40.72MB here
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=NJSI49DW

Another Peremech Recipe - Turkish

http://askana.blogcu.com/peremec/2008673

Milli Monnar - Tukay 1909

This is from my father's notebook. His name was Fazil Sadri and he was born in Kobe, Japan. It is there that he learned to write in Tatar. This is most of a poem called "Milli Monnar", written by Abdullah Tukay.

MILLî MUNNAR

İşittim min kiçe: Birev cırlıy

 Çın biznifiçe matur, milli köy;

 Başka kile uylar törli-törli,

 Elle nindi zarlı, munlı köy.

 Üzlip-özlip kine eytip bire 

Tatar künli niler sizgenin, 

Miskin bulıp turgan öç yoz yılda 

Tekdir bizni niçik izgenin. 

Küpmi mihnet çikken biznin halik, 

 Küpmi küz yaşleri tügilgen, 

Milli hisler bilen yalkmlanıp, 

Sızılıp-sızılıp çığa künlinnen. 

Heyran bulıp, cırnı tınlap turdım, 

 Taşlap tüben dönya uylarm, 

 Küz aldımda kürgen tösli buldım, 

Bulgar hem Agıydil buylarm.

Tüzalmadım, bardım cırlavçıga, 

Didim: "Kardeş, bu köy nindi köy?" 

Cavabında milletteşim mina: 

"Bu köy bula, didi, Ellüki!"

two more Crimean Tatars

Two Crimean Tatars

Pallas was a German naturalist and professor of natural history at the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. From 1768-1774 he travelled across Russia on a scientific expedition; a journey which produced important discoveries—most notably of mammoth fossils in the Siberian ice—but also ruined his health. The findings of his expedition were published in his Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs (1771-6)

Винарис Ильегет - Юанша - Vinaris Ilyeget - Yuansha

Kazan

Plaklarda - ﭘﻼﻛﻼﺭﺪﺍ

"Ak Idel Buylari"(above)
and
"Kazan" (below)

These are two pages from a publication titled "Plaklarda"
It was put together in Burlingame California from 1970 - 1973.
check it out: 10.41 MB
It is a five volume assemblage of Tatar song lyrics transcribed into Arabic script.
"Plaklarda" translates as "From Records"
ﭘﻼﻛﻼﺭﺪﺍ

Garmunchi

Tugan Tel - ﻃﻭﻏﺎﻥ ﺗﻞ

Tatar hats

Tatar hats for sale on Ai-Petri Mountain, Crimea

Colloquial Persian - 1942

I've been promising to .pdf this book for a while and here you go. 1942 and in English.

http://www.megaupload.com/?d=TLJN9EZ8