A Bulgar state made up of Finno-Ugric and other peoples from the Volga-Kama region, which existed in the Middle Volga region and the Kama region in the 10th to 14th centuries. The capital city was Bulgar and from the 12th century Bilyar. Trade with the Arab Caliphate, Byzantium, the Eastern Slavs and others. Military and trade rivalry arose with Kievan Rus and later with the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. Conquered by the Mongol-...(Batu Khan) in 1241. In the second half of the 13th century Bulgar and Zhukotin principalities were established but these were destroyed by Timur in the 1390's.
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Kazan Khanate
A state in the Middle Volga region (1438-1552) which separated from the Golden Horde. It's capitol Kazan. The population consisted of Kazan Tatars, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordovians and Bashkirs. It was the last fully independent state entity on this territory (modern Tatarstan). From 1487 to 1521 it was a vassal of Russia and from 1524 a vassal of Turkey. As a result of Russia's Kazan campaigns (1545 to 1552) the Khanate was eliminated and the Middle Volga region attached to Russia.
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