Soyembike Carpet at our Bina in Burlingame, California.
1966
Sөembikә manarasyi avachakmyi?
http://www.intertat.ru/clauses/?pid=7767/&lang=tatlat/
Bu mәkalә tatarcha
26.03.2009 12:58 Kazan shәһәrenen gorurlyigyi bulgan Sөembikә manarasyi hakyinda bik kyp syz sөilәnde. Shulai da, ava baruchyi bu tarihi yadkar turyinda bez baryisyin da belәbezme son? Ul kaichan һәm nindi maksattan tөzelgәn? Kataloglarda, yulkyrsәtkechlәrdә anyin torgyizyilu vakyityi 1645-1650 ellar dip birelә. Ә danlyiklyi professor S.Shpilevskii isә, “bashnya imeet tatarskoe proishoҗdenie” dip sanyii. Tatarnyin danlyiklyi mәgrifәtchese Kayum Nasyiiri, kiresenchә, Sөembikә manarasyi Kazan hanlyigyi tarkalgach, kyzәty-saklau koryilmasyi bularak tөzelә dip yaza. Olug manaranyin kaichan tөzeleye hakyinda galimnәrebez әle bygen dә bәhәslәshә. Geografiya fәnnәre kandidatyi Firdәves hanyim Salihova isә, manaranyi җenteklәp өirәngәnnәn son, yzenen farazyin chyigargan. Galimә belәn uzgan әngәmәbez nәk menә Sөembikә manarasyi hakyinda.
- Firdәves hanyim, Sөembikә manarasyinyin tөzeleshe, tarihyi hakyinda tөrle galim tөrle fikerdә. Ә Seznen bu өlkәdәge ezlәnylәregez nindi nәtiҗә birde?
- Manaranyin tөzeleshe 1500 elga karyii. Bu - dokumental dәlillәngәn fakt. Rossiyadә 1852 elnyi Kazannyi yaulap aluga 300 ellyiknyi bilgelәgәnnәr. Shul vakyitta bik bilgele galim, Kazan universitetyi professoryi A.N.Rakovich Kazanga nisbәtle plakat-kartina chyigargan. Anda Kazannyin in boryingyi arhitektura һәikәllәre salyinu vakyityi belәn bergә kyrsәtelgәn. Һәm shunda Sөembikә manarasyi dip yazyilgan, ә kyiryienda “1500 elnyi tөzelgәn” digәn yazu da tora.
- Ber gipoteza buencha, manara italyan proektyi nigezendә 1487-90 ellarda Mөhәmmәtәmin han belәn kenәz Ivan өchenche arasyindagyi mәngelek tyinyichlyik kileshyenә ber istәlek rәveshendә tөzelgәn digәn fiker әitelә. Shushyi solyih nigezendә Bөek Mәskәy kenәzlege Kazan hanlyigyina yasak tylәydәn mәngelekkә kotyila. Seznen uilau buencha, manaranyi yzebeznen ostalar torgyizganmyi?
- Manaranyi yzebeznen ostalar eshlәgәn. 1500 elda. Manaralar tөzy chal tarihka baryip totasha. Boryingyi zamannardan birle manara tөzy kulturasyi kamillәshә bargan. Tatar җirlegendә bik kyp arhitektura yadkarlәre bulgan. Kala tau dip iөrgәnnәr alarnyi. Kala – manaranyi, tau - mәgәrәne anlatkan. Andyii kyzәty koryilmalaryi halyik kyp yashi torgan kalalarda, gadәttә kalku җirdә - tau bashlaryina salyingan. Boryingyi mәdәniyatebez shundyii. - Nindi shartlarda tөzelgәn son ul?
- Әvәl әitkәnnәr: kildek tә, manara saldyik һәm shәһәr saldyik, dip. Kala shәһәrne genә tygel, manara digәnne dә anlatkan. Manara tөzelgәn ochrakta gyina shәһәrgә nigez salyingan.
Firdәves hanyim Salihovanyin Sөembikә manarasyi turyinda yazgan kitabyi
- Dөnyada bezneke kebek avyish manaralar 40lap isәplәnә dilәr. Bөten Җir sharyina bilgele bulganyi Piza shәһәrendә, mәsәlәn. Ә Rossiyadә Uralnyin mogҗizalaryinnan sanalgan Nevyanskii manara bar. Ul manaralar nigә avyishkan? Alar ashyigyip salyinganmyi yaisә bashka sәbәplәre barmyi?
- Bu өlkәdә min shaktyii tiksherynylәr ytkәrdem. Ozak ellar ni өchen avyishkanyin өirәndem. Manaranyin ingener geologiyasen tiksherdem. Anda boryingyi zamanda izge chishmә bulgan. Boryin zamannarda andyii manaralarnyi izge җirdә tөzegennәr. Izge chishmәne torbalar suzyip, Tainickii kapkasyina hәtle agyizyip tөshergәnnәr. Shunda su җyielgan. Shuna kyrә Tainickii manaranyi Su manarasyi dip tә atap iөrtkәnnәr. Shul sunyi bөten Kremlgә taratkannar, suytkәrgech eshlәgәnnәr. Vakyitlar uzu belәn su torbalaryi tuzgan, saftan chyikkan. Yanadan su җәelep, manaranyin nigezenә zyiyan salgan. Manara HH gasyirga hәtle avyishmagan, ә menә HH gasyirnyin bashyinda shua bashlyii. Mәsәlәn, 1930 elda anyin yzәk kychәrennәn avyishlyigyi 1m 28 sm tәshkil itkәn. Ә hәzerge vakyitta ul 2 metr tirәse.
- Sөembikә manarasyi aumas mikәn?
- Alla boersa, yuk. Fundamentyin nyigyitkach, ul kychәrgә tiesh tygel. Inde chishmәnen dә kөche azaigandyir. Manaranyi kyzәtep, tiksherep toralar. Ul avarga tiesh tygel inde.
- Danlyiklyi Piza manarasyinnan da 2 metrga ozyinrak bulgan Sөembikә nindi maksattan chyigyip tөzelde ikәn?
- Manara akyil belәn, bik uilap eshlәngәn. Yazma kitaplarda, Kazannyi algach, Nurgali kapkasyi dip yazyila. Yanyinda Nurgali mәchete. Ә “Nur Ali” digәn syz boryingyi bөten civilizaciyalәrdә, Yakyin kөnchyigyishta astronomiya observatoriyalәrenә birelә torgan isem bulgan. Alarda ioldyizlarnyi, kyk җisemnәren kyzәtep, kalendarlәr bilgelәgәnnәr. Kala taular 3 men el elek tә tөzelgәnnәr. Bөten Idel buenda chәchelgәn alar.
- Firdәys hanyim, manaraga Sөembikә iseme kaichan birelә? - Bu turyida min «Bashnya Syuyumbiki i istoki civilizacii bulgaro-tatar» digәn kitabyimda da yazyip chyiktyim. Kazanga voevoda knyaz Lopuhin kilgәn. Anyin kyizyi Petr1 kiyaydә bulgan. Petr berenche hatyinyin yaratmagan, anyi monastyirda totkan. Lopuhin Kazanga kilgәch, manaranyi kyrep tan kala һәm әitә: «Bu iskitkech Aziatskaya bashnya. Min anyin kopiyasen yzemdә salachakmyin (Chirkәy itep). Kyizyimnyi shunda totam. Minem kyizyim - patshabikәne hurladyilar.Seznen patshabikәgez dә avyir yazmyishlyi ikәn. Anyin isemen mәngelәshtery iөzennәn bu manaranyi Sөembikә iseme belәn atarga kirәk, yazmyishlaryi bigrәk ohshagan...”.
- Beznen milli gorurlyigyibyiz bulgan Sөembikә manarasyina isemne dә ruslar birgәn bulyip chyigamyi inde?
- Әie, dokumentlarga tayanyip әitәm min monyi.
Үz echendә tөrle serlәr saklagan Sөembikә manarasyi hakyinda tөrle rivayatlәr yashi. Shularnyin berse. Ivan Groznyii Kazan hanlyigyinyin hanbikәse hakyinda ishetә. Anyin chibәrlegenә gashyiik bula. Kazan hanbikәsen yzenә aldyiryirga niyatli һәm Kazannyi basyip alyirga kilә. Ul Sөembikәne yzenә kiyaygә chyigarga ygetli. Patshabikә rizalasha, lәkin yzenen shartyin kuya, imesh. Җide kөn echendә biek manara tөzergә kusha. Yavyiz Ivan җide kөn echendә Kazanda җide katlyi manara tөzetә. Mәskәygә kitәr aldyinnan patshabikә manaraga menep halkyi belәn hushlashyirga rөhsәt soryii. Һәm manaranyin өske katyina menep aska tashlana...
Menә shul vakyittan bashlap әlege mәһabәt binanyi Sөembikә manarasyi dip atap iөrtә bashlyiilar. Әlbәttә, bu matur ber halyik rivayate genә. Lәkin әlege һәikәl tarihyibyiznyi bәyan ityche Tash kitap, һәr tatarnyin iөrәk tyrendәge Vatan simvolyi bulyip kala birә...
P.S. Hөrmәtle ukuchyilar! Sөembikә manarsyi hakyinda sez dә uilansagyiz, rәhim itegez, alar belәn urtaklashyigyiz.
26.03.2009 12:58 Kazan shәһәrenen gorurlyigyi bulgan Sөembikә manarasyi hakyinda bik kyp syz sөilәnde. Shulai da, ava baruchyi bu tarihi yadkar turyinda bez baryisyin da belәbezme son? Ul kaichan һәm nindi maksattan tөzelgәn? Kataloglarda, yulkyrsәtkechlәrdә anyin torgyizyilu vakyityi 1645-1650 ellar dip birelә. Ә danlyiklyi professor S.Shpilevskii isә, “bashnya imeet tatarskoe proishoҗdenie” dip sanyii. Tatarnyin danlyiklyi mәgrifәtchese Kayum Nasyiiri, kiresenchә, Sөembikә manarasyi Kazan hanlyigyi tarkalgach, kyzәty-saklau koryilmasyi bularak tөzelә dip yaza. Olug manaranyin kaichan tөzeleye hakyinda galimnәrebez әle bygen dә bәhәslәshә. Geografiya fәnnәre kandidatyi Firdәves hanyim Salihova isә, manaranyi җenteklәp өirәngәnnәn son, yzenen farazyin chyigargan. Galimә belәn uzgan әngәmәbez nәk menә Sөembikә manarasyi hakyinda.
- Firdәves hanyim, Sөembikә manarasyinyin tөzeleshe, tarihyi hakyinda tөrle galim tөrle fikerdә. Ә Seznen bu өlkәdәge ezlәnylәregez nindi nәtiҗә birde?
- Manaranyin tөzeleshe 1500 elga karyii. Bu - dokumental dәlillәngәn fakt. Rossiyadә 1852 elnyi Kazannyi yaulap aluga 300 ellyiknyi bilgelәgәnnәr. Shul vakyitta bik bilgele galim, Kazan universitetyi professoryi A.N.Rakovich Kazanga nisbәtle plakat-kartina chyigargan. Anda Kazannyin in boryingyi arhitektura һәikәllәre salyinu vakyityi belәn bergә kyrsәtelgәn. Һәm shunda Sөembikә manarasyi dip yazyilgan, ә kyiryienda “1500 elnyi tөzelgәn” digәn yazu da tora.
- Ber gipoteza buencha, manara italyan proektyi nigezendә 1487-90 ellarda Mөhәmmәtәmin han belәn kenәz Ivan өchenche arasyindagyi mәngelek tyinyichlyik kileshyenә ber istәlek rәveshendә tөzelgәn digәn fiker әitelә. Shushyi solyih nigezendә Bөek Mәskәy kenәzlege Kazan hanlyigyina yasak tylәydәn mәngelekkә kotyila. Seznen uilau buencha, manaranyi yzebeznen ostalar torgyizganmyi?
- Manaranyi yzebeznen ostalar eshlәgәn. 1500 elda. Manaralar tөzy chal tarihka baryip totasha. Boryingyi zamannardan birle manara tөzy kulturasyi kamillәshә bargan. Tatar җirlegendә bik kyp arhitektura yadkarlәre bulgan. Kala tau dip iөrgәnnәr alarnyi. Kala – manaranyi, tau - mәgәrәne anlatkan. Andyii kyzәty koryilmalaryi halyik kyp yashi torgan kalalarda, gadәttә kalku җirdә - tau bashlaryina salyingan. Boryingyi mәdәniyatebez shundyii. - Nindi shartlarda tөzelgәn son ul?
- Әvәl әitkәnnәr: kildek tә, manara saldyik һәm shәһәr saldyik, dip. Kala shәһәrne genә tygel, manara digәnne dә anlatkan. Manara tөzelgәn ochrakta gyina shәһәrgә nigez salyingan.
Firdәves hanyim Salihovanyin Sөembikә manarasyi turyinda yazgan kitabyi
- Dөnyada bezneke kebek avyish manaralar 40lap isәplәnә dilәr. Bөten Җir sharyina bilgele bulganyi Piza shәһәrendә, mәsәlәn. Ә Rossiyadә Uralnyin mogҗizalaryinnan sanalgan Nevyanskii manara bar. Ul manaralar nigә avyishkan? Alar ashyigyip salyinganmyi yaisә bashka sәbәplәre barmyi?
- Bu өlkәdә min shaktyii tiksherynylәr ytkәrdem. Ozak ellar ni өchen avyishkanyin өirәndem. Manaranyin ingener geologiyasen tiksherdem. Anda boryingyi zamanda izge chishmә bulgan. Boryin zamannarda andyii manaralarnyi izge җirdә tөzegennәr. Izge chishmәne torbalar suzyip, Tainickii kapkasyina hәtle agyizyip tөshergәnnәr. Shunda su җyielgan. Shuna kyrә Tainickii manaranyi Su manarasyi dip tә atap iөrtkәnnәr. Shul sunyi bөten Kremlgә taratkannar, suytkәrgech eshlәgәnnәr. Vakyitlar uzu belәn su torbalaryi tuzgan, saftan chyikkan. Yanadan su җәelep, manaranyin nigezenә zyiyan salgan. Manara HH gasyirga hәtle avyishmagan, ә menә HH gasyirnyin bashyinda shua bashlyii. Mәsәlәn, 1930 elda anyin yzәk kychәrennәn avyishlyigyi 1m 28 sm tәshkil itkәn. Ә hәzerge vakyitta ul 2 metr tirәse.
- Sөembikә manarasyi aumas mikәn?
- Alla boersa, yuk. Fundamentyin nyigyitkach, ul kychәrgә tiesh tygel. Inde chishmәnen dә kөche azaigandyir. Manaranyi kyzәtep, tiksherep toralar. Ul avarga tiesh tygel inde.
- Danlyiklyi Piza manarasyinnan da 2 metrga ozyinrak bulgan Sөembikә nindi maksattan chyigyip tөzelde ikәn?
- Manara akyil belәn, bik uilap eshlәngәn. Yazma kitaplarda, Kazannyi algach, Nurgali kapkasyi dip yazyila. Yanyinda Nurgali mәchete. Ә “Nur Ali” digәn syz boryingyi bөten civilizaciyalәrdә, Yakyin kөnchyigyishta astronomiya observatoriyalәrenә birelә torgan isem bulgan. Alarda ioldyizlarnyi, kyk җisemnәren kyzәtep, kalendarlәr bilgelәgәnnәr. Kala taular 3 men el elek tә tөzelgәnnәr. Bөten Idel buenda chәchelgәn alar.
- Firdәys hanyim, manaraga Sөembikә iseme kaichan birelә? - Bu turyida min «Bashnya Syuyumbiki i istoki civilizacii bulgaro-tatar» digәn kitabyimda da yazyip chyiktyim. Kazanga voevoda knyaz Lopuhin kilgәn. Anyin kyizyi Petr1 kiyaydә bulgan. Petr berenche hatyinyin yaratmagan, anyi monastyirda totkan. Lopuhin Kazanga kilgәch, manaranyi kyrep tan kala һәm әitә: «Bu iskitkech Aziatskaya bashnya. Min anyin kopiyasen yzemdә salachakmyin (Chirkәy itep). Kyizyimnyi shunda totam. Minem kyizyim - patshabikәne hurladyilar.Seznen patshabikәgez dә avyir yazmyishlyi ikәn. Anyin isemen mәngelәshtery iөzennәn bu manaranyi Sөembikә iseme belәn atarga kirәk, yazmyishlaryi bigrәk ohshagan...”.
- Beznen milli gorurlyigyibyiz bulgan Sөembikә manarasyina isemne dә ruslar birgәn bulyip chyigamyi inde?
- Әie, dokumentlarga tayanyip әitәm min monyi.
Үz echendә tөrle serlәr saklagan Sөembikә manarasyi hakyinda tөrle rivayatlәr yashi. Shularnyin berse. Ivan Groznyii Kazan hanlyigyinyin hanbikәse hakyinda ishetә. Anyin chibәrlegenә gashyiik bula. Kazan hanbikәsen yzenә aldyiryirga niyatli һәm Kazannyi basyip alyirga kilә. Ul Sөembikәne yzenә kiyaygә chyigarga ygetli. Patshabikә rizalasha, lәkin yzenen shartyin kuya, imesh. Җide kөn echendә biek manara tөzergә kusha. Yavyiz Ivan җide kөn echendә Kazanda җide katlyi manara tөzetә. Mәskәygә kitәr aldyinnan patshabikә manaraga menep halkyi belәn hushlashyirga rөhsәt soryii. Һәm manaranyin өske katyina menep aska tashlana...
Menә shul vakyittan bashlap әlege mәһabәt binanyi Sөembikә manarasyi dip atap iөrtә bashlyiilar. Әlbәttә, bu matur ber halyik rivayate genә. Lәkin әlege һәikәl tarihyibyiznyi bәyan ityche Tash kitap, һәr tatarnyin iөrәk tyrendәge Vatan simvolyi bulyip kala birә...
P.S. Hөrmәtle ukuchyilar! Sөembikә manarsyi hakyinda sez dә uilansagyiz, rәhim itegez, alar belәn urtaklashyigyiz.
Mөrshidә Kyiyamova
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